memo pChem - 1st law of thermo dynamics dU = q + w dU: internal energy change q : heat to the system w : work to the system - isothermal expansion q = -w; heat to the system is equal to work done by environment give 10kJ work to system, w = 10kJ system did 10kJ work, w = -10kJ give 10kJ heat to system, q = 10kJ system lose 10 kJ heat, q = -10kJ T = fixed dU= 0 P_i*V_i=P_f*V_i - adiabatic expansion q = 0 w = -du Pi*Vi^gamma=Pf*Vf^gamma, gamma=Cp/Cv math x^n * e^(^ax) dx = n!/(a^(n+1)) scalar projection a onto b = |a| dot b_unit, |b_unit|=1 lim sin(t)/t=1 t->0 cheating sheet for TI89 tan'x=sec^2 x csc'x=-cscxcotx sec'x=secxtanx cot'x=-csc^2 x sin-1'x=1/sqrt(1-x^2) cos-1'x=-1/sqrt(1-x^2) tan-1'x=1/(1+x^2) csc-1'x=-1/(x sqrt(x^2-1)) sec-1 x=1/( x sqrt(x^2-1)) cot-1'x=-1/(1+x^2) int secx dx=ln|secx+tanx| int tanx dx=ln|secx| int dx/(x^2+a^2)=(1/a)tan-1(x/a) int dx/(x^2-a^2)=1/(2a)ln|(x-1)/(x+a)| int cscx dx=ln|cscx-cotx| int cotxdx=ln|sinx| int dx/sqrt(a^2-x^2) dx=sin-1(x/a) int dx/sqrt(x^2+-a^2)=ln|x+sqrt(x^2+-a^2)| int udv=uv-int vdu sin(x+y)=sinxcosy+cosxsiny sin(x-y)=sinxcosy-cosxsiny cos(x+y)=cosxcosy-sinxsiny cos(x-y)=cosxcosy+sinxsiny tan(x+y)=(tanx+tany)/(1-tanxtany) tan(x-y)=(tanx+tany)/(1+tanxtany) sinAcosB=1/2{sin(A-B)+sin(A+B)} sinAsinB=1/2{cos(A-B)-cos(A+B)} cosAcosB=1/2{cos(A-B)+cos(A+B)} sin2x=2sinxcosx cos2x=cos^2x-sin^2x=2cos^2x-1=1-2sin^2x tan2x=2tanx/(1-tan^2x) a^2=b^2+c^2-2bccosA